Introduction September is a Thyroid Cancer Awareness Month is a crucial time to shed light on this often overlooked but significant health concern. Thyroid cancer, though relatively rare compared to other cancers, can have a profound impact on individuals and their families. In this blog post, we will delve into the various aspects of thyroid cancer, from understanding the basics to prevention strategies and the importance of raising awareness and support. Understanding Thyroid Cancer What is Thyroid Cancer? The thyroid gland, a small butterfly-shaped organ located in the neck, plays a vital role in regulating our metabolism. Thyroid cancer occurs when abnormal cells begin to grow in this gland. There are several types of thyroid cancer, with papillary and follicular being the most common. Understanding these types is essential for early detection and treatment. Common Symptoms of Thyroid Cancer: Thyroid nodules, lumps or growths in the thyroid gland, are often the first sign of thyroid cancer. Other symptoms may include difficulty swallowing, hoarseness, and persistent neck pain. Being aware of these symptoms can help individuals seek medical attention when needed. Diagnosis and Screening Importance of Early Detection Early detection is crucial for successful thyroid cancer treatment. Routine check-ups and screenings can help identify thyroid nodules or abnormalities. If a nodule is found, a thyroid ultrasound and fine-needle aspiration biopsy may be recommended to determine whether it is cancerous. Treatment Options Surgery as the Primary Treatment: Surgery is the primary treatment for thyroid cancer. Depending on the extent and type of cancer, the surgeon may remove part or all of the thyroid gland. In some cases, nearby lymph nodes may also be removed to prevent the spread of cancer. Radiation Therapy and Chemotherapy: In cases where cancer has spread or cannot be completely removed, radiation therapy and chemotherapy may be necessary. These treatments target cancer cells and help prevent their growth and spread. Targeted Therapies and Immunotherapy: Emerging treatments like targeted therapies and immunotherapy are showing promise in treating advanced thyroid cancer. These therapies work by targeting specific molecules or bolstering the body’s immune system to fight cancer cells. Thyroid Cancer Survivor Stories Personal Triumphs: The journey of a thyroid cancer patient is filled with challenges, but many individuals have emerged as survivors and thrivers. Their stories inspire hope and resilience. Survivors often emphasize the importance of a strong support network and staying informed about treatment options. Prevention and Awareness Lifestyle Factors for Prevention: While there is no foolproof way to prevent thyroid cancer, adopting a healthy lifestyle can reduce your risk. This includes maintaining a balanced diet, regular exercise, and avoiding exposure to radiation. The Significance of Thyroid Cancer Awareness Month: Thyroid Cancer Awareness Month serves as a platform to educate and engage the public. By spreading awareness about symptoms, risk factors, and early detection, we can empower individuals to take charge of their health. Ways to Get Involved: There are numerous ways to get involved during Thyroid Cancer Awareness Month. Consider participating in local events, sharing informative posts on social media using dedicated hashtags, or donating to organizations dedicated to thyroid cancer research and support. Conclusion In conclusion, Thyroid Cancer Awareness Month provides an opportunity to learn about thyroid cancer, its prevention, and the importance of early detection and support. By understanding the basics of thyroid cancer, recognizing its symptoms, and taking proactive steps to promote awareness, we can make a meaningful impact in the fight against this disease. Together, we can provide hope, support, and a brighter future for those affected by thyroid cancer. Best Oral Cancer, Thyroid Cancer, Head and Neck Cancer Surgeon in Nepal Dr. Prabhat Chandra Thakur Designation: Consultant & Unit Chief/Program Director Head & Neck Oncology Qualification: MBBS, MS(ORL-HNS), Fellowship Head & Neck Oncology Department: Head and Neck Oncology Unit Special interest: Reconstructive surgery and Minimal Invasive surgery in Head & Neck Contact Now

Join us as we commemorate the Head and Neck Cancer Awareness Day in Nepal, a day dedicated to raising awareness about this prevalent but often overlooked form of cancer. On this special occasion, we unite to educate communities, support survivors, and advocate for early detection and prevention strategies. Let us come together to make a difference in the lives of those affected by this challenging disease. Why is Awareness Important: Head and Neck Cancer poses significant health risks, affecting vital areas like the mouth, throat, larynx, and nasal passages. By spreading awareness, we empower individuals to recognize potential symptoms and seek medical attention promptly. Early detection can lead to more effective treatments and improved outcomes for patients. Through our collective efforts, we strive to reduce the burden of head and neck cancer in Nepal and improve overall public health. Get Involved On this awareness day, we invite you to participate in various events and activities geared towards raising funds for research, supporting patients and their families, and promoting preventative measures. By engaging in community-driven initiatives, we strengthen the bonds that tie us together and amplify our impact on combating head and neck cancer. Significance of Support For those currently battling head and neck cancer, your support can make a world of difference. Reach out to local support groups and organizations, contribute to awareness campaigns, and be a source of encouragement for survivors. Let us create a compassionate network that fosters hope, resilience, and unity among patients and their caregivers. Prevention and Screening Prevention plays a vital role in reducing the incidence of head and neck cancer. Share valuable information about lifestyle choices that can minimize risk factors, such as tobacco cessation and alcohol moderation. Encourage regular screenings and check-ups, allowing for early diagnosis and timely intervention. Conclusion Together, we can be the driving force behind positive change in the fight against head and neck cancer. Let’s raise our voices, spread awareness, and foster a community that stands by those impacted by this disease. Join us on the Head and Neck Cancer Awareness Day in Nepal and be a part of this meaningful journey towards a healthier and cancer-free future. Spread the word: Share this message with friends, family, and colleagues. Follow us on social media for updates on events and ways to get involved. Together, we can make a significant impact on Head and Neck Cancer Awareness Day in Nepal and beyond. Best Oral Cancer, Thyroid Cancer, Head and Neck Cancer Surgeon in Nepal Dr. Prabhat Chandra Thakur Designation: Consultant & Unit Chief/Program Director Head & Neck Oncology Qualification: MBBS, MS(ORL-HNS), Fellowship Head & Neck Oncology Department: Head and Neck Oncology Unit Special interest: Reconstructive surgery and Minimal Invasive surgery in Head & Neck Contact Now

Nosebleeds, also known as epistaxis, typically occur due to the rupture of blood vessels in the nose. While nosebleeds themselves do not directly cause neck cancer, persistent or recurrent nosebleeds can sometimes be a symptom or an indication of an underlying condition that may increase the risk of developing certain types of cancer. One such condition is nasopharyngeal cancer, which is a rare form of head and neck cancer. Nasopharyngeal cancer begins in the nasopharynx, the upper part of the throat located behind the nose. Persistent nosebleeds or blood-stained mucus, along with other symptoms like a lump in the neck, hearing loss, or difficulty swallowing, can be warning signs of nasopharyngeal cancer. However, it’s important to note that nosebleeds are a common occurrence and are usually not a cause for concern. It’s worth mentioning that neck cancer, or cancer of the neck itself, is not typically caused by nosebleeds. Neck cancer usually refers to cancer that originates in the structures of the neck, such as the lymph nodes, salivary glands, or thyroid gland. The development of neck cancer is usually attributed to factors like tobacco use, excessive alcohol consumption, exposure to certain chemicals or radiation, viral infections (such as human papillomavirus or Epstein-Barr virus), and genetic predisposition. If you are experiencing persistent or concerning symptoms such as frequent nosebleeds or any other health issues, it’s always advisable to consult a medical professional who can evaluate your condition, provide a proper diagnosis, and recommend appropriate treatment if necessary. Why nose bleeds occurs: The most common causes of nosebleeds include: In most cases, nosebleeds are not a cause for significant concern and can be managed at home by tilting the head forward, pinching the nostrils together, and applying pressure. However, if nosebleeds are frequent, severe, or accompanied by other concerning symptoms, it’s important to seek medical attention for further evaluation and appropriate treatment. Best Oral Cancer, Thyroid Cancer, Head and Neck Cancer Surgeon in Nepal Dr. Prabhat Chandra Thakur Designation: Consultant & Unit Chief/Program Director Head & Neck Oncology Qualification: MBBS, MS(ORL-HNS), Fellowship Head & Neck Oncology Department: Head and Neck Oncology Unit Special interest: Reconstructive surgery and Minimal Invasive surgery in Head & Neck Contact Now

The most prevalent type of thyroid cancer is papillary thyroid cancer, which is also known as papillary thyroid carcinoma. This article will discuss papillary thyroid malignant growth rudiments, including papillary thyroid disease side effects, medicines, and prognosis. Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Papillary thyroid carcinoma is the most well-known thyroid malignant growth. Papillary thyroid cancer accounts for about 80% of all cases of thyroid cancer. the most prevalent form of well-differentiated thyroid cancer and the most prevalent form of radiation-induced thyroid cancer. In healthy thyroid parenchyma, papillary carcinoma manifests as an irregular solid or cystic mass or nodule. Papillary carcinoma can be either overtly or minimally invasive, despite its well-differentiated characteristics. These tumors might easily spread to other organs. Tumors with papillary structures are more likely to invade blood vessels than lymphatic systems. Symptoms & Treatment The majority of papillary thyroid cancers are asymptomatic, meaning that they do not cause symptoms. A lot of patients won’t even know they’re there. Patients with huge knobs might see a substantial mass (for example a mass they can feel) or a noticeable mass (for example a mass they can see). Compressive symptoms, such as difficulty swallowing, food or pills becoming “stuck” when swallowed, and pressure or shortness of breath when lying flat, may be caused by very large nodules. In instances of cutting-edge malignant growth that is developing (for example attacking) into encompassing designs, patients might foster dryness or trouble gulping. Non-tender, firm, growing, and/or non-shrinking lymph nodes in the neck are indicative of an increased risk of cancer. Patients with compressive side effects, expanded lymph hubs, roughness, as well as a quickly developing knob ought to look for clinical assessment immediately. The treatment for papillary thyroid cancer is determined by the size of the tumor and whether or not it has metastasized. The most common treatment for PTC is surgery. Contingent upon the growth’s size and area, your specialist might eliminate part of your thyroid organ (lobectomy) or the entirety of your organ (thyroidectomy). If you have cancer in the lymph nodes of your neck, your surgeon may remove the affected lymph nodes during or after your first thyroid surgery.You will need to take thyroid hormone replacement medication for the rest of your life if you have a total thyroidectomy. The following are additional PTC treatments: • Therapy with radioiodine, or radioactive iodine • Radiation treatment • Chemical therapy Risk factors It is also known as papillary thyroid carcinoma, has no known cause, but there are risk factors that can make you more likely to get it. Papillary thyroid cancer is the most prevalent of the four main types of thyroid cancer. Having any of the gamble factors recorded underneath may improve the probability that you will foster any type of thyroid disease, including papillary thyroid malignant growth: Having a personal or family history of certain genetic syndromes, being exposed to high levels of radiation from nuclear accidents or weapons testing, having a personal or family history of goiters, receiving whole-body radiation for bone marrow treatment, or having a family history of thyroid cancer Note: If you have papillary thyroid cancer, you will need to see your medical team regularly to keep track of how your treatment is going. Long-term monitoring is also required every six to twelve months for at least five years to check for cancer recurrence. Is papillary thyroid cancer deadly Up to 80% of all thyroid tumors are papillary. This disease type develops gradually. Although papillary thyroid cancer frequently spreads to lymph nodes in the neck, treatment is very effective for the condition. Thyroid papillary cancer is extremely curable and rarely causes death. What is the recurrence rate of papillary thyroid cancer Although papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) has a good survival rate, recurrence is still a major concern, as up to 20% of patients will experience recurrence at some point in their lives. However, you can stop it from happening again. After your surgery, your doctor may recommend regular follow-up appointments to help catch papillary thyroid carcinoma early and help prevent its recurrence. For the first two years, this usually means seeing an endocrinologist or surgeon every six months, and then every year after that. Thyroid papillary cancer: a response to questions Best Oral Cancer, Thyroid Cancer, Head and Neck Cancer Surgeon in Nepal Dr. Prabhat Chandra Thakur Designation: Consultant & Unit Chief/Program Director Head & Neck Oncology Qualification: MBBS, MS(ORL-HNS), Fellowship Head & Neck Oncology Department: Head and Neck Oncology Unit Special interest: Reconstructive surgery and Minimal Invasive surgery in Head & Neck Contact Now

Second, only to ovarian carcinoma, thyroid carcinoma is the most common endocrine cancer that results in death. Thyroid cancer is now on the rise at a rate faster than any other type of cancer. Therefore, this article aims to discuss the commonness of thyroid malignancies among types of thyroid cancer. Thyroid cancer is one of the most common cancers among all cancer in the context of Nepal. According to data from Kathmandu Post, 2019, it has a 10-year survival rate in more than 90% of patients after treatment, making it one of the relatively better cancers to get. The thyroid gland can be affected by a variety of cancers, which are categorized according to their similarity to normal thyroid cells under a microscope (differentiated vs. undifferentiated) and the type of cell they originate from. Thyroid cancer can be one of four main types: The differentiated (papillary or follicular) form of thyroid cancer accounts for more than 80% of patients and has a 97% cure rate. However, in uncommon cases, thyroid disease is aggressive and spreads quickly or returns. A subset of patients may also have a form that does not respond well to treatment with radioactive iodine. Papillary thyroid cancer Papillary carcinomas are differentiated, slow-growing cancers that originate in follicular cells and can spread to one or both thyroid lobes. This is the most prevalent form of thyroid cancer i.e., 75 % overall, affecting women between the ages of 40 and 50 in approximately 80% of cases. This kind of cancer can spread to lymph nodes in the neck that are nearby, but it is generally treatable and has a good prognosis (a good chance of survival). The differentiated form is present in more than 90% of thyroid cancer patients. According to the American Cancer Society, the good news is that this kind of thyroid cancer has a very high survival rate i.e., 98% for women and 93 % for men. Follicular thyroid cancer As per the data from Medscape, Follicular carcinoma, also known as follicular thyroid cancer, is the second most common thyroid cancer in women (15%) and typically occurs between the ages of 40 and 60 and is responsible for about one in ten cases. It occurs more frequently in nations where iodine intake in the diet is low. Despite being slightly more aggressive than papillary cancer, it is associated with a favorable prognosis in the majority of cases. Follicular carcinomas are more likely to spread than papillary cancers via hematogenous spread to other organs, such as the lungs or the bones, but they rarely spread to nearby lymph nodes. Medullary thyroid cancer As opposed to papillary or follicular cancers, medullary thyroid cancer, also known as medullary thyroid carcinoma, is more aggressive and less differentiated. These develop in parafollicular cells (C-cells, which are derived from neural crest cells) and account for approximately 3% of thyroid cancers. As a result, they raise calcitonin levels and are associated with MEN 2 syndrome (both 2a and 2b) in 20% of cases data from TeachMeSurgery. The medullary subtype of thyroid cancer will account for about 4% of all cases. Compared to more differentiated thyroid cancers, these cancers are more likely to spread to lymph nodes and other organs. Thyroid blood tests can also detect high levels of calcitonin and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) that they frequently release. Both lymphatic and medullary routes can spread medullary carcinoma; Sadly, the prognosis for the nodal disease is extremely poor. MTC is known to be of two types: 1.         Sporadic (80% of cases, frequently in more seasoned grown-ups) 2.         Familial (usually present in early adulthood or childhood). This type spreads all the more quickly. The gene that causes familial MTC can be found through a blood test. Genetic testing is something you should inquire about with your doctor if you have a family history of thyroid cancer. Anaplastic thyroid cancer Anaplastic thyroid cancer is deadliest types of thyroid cancer. The most undifferentiated form of thyroid cancer, also known as anaplastic thyroid carcinoma, resembles the thyroid gland’s normal cells in the least. They will generally develop quickly with early neighborhood attacks and frequently spread when shown. The prognosis is poor and treatment is frequently steady. It is a rare form of thyroid cancer that affects about 2% of thyroid cancer cases. These uncommon tumors, which cause 5% of thyroid cancers, typically affect the elderly and are extremely aggressive. Hürthle cell thyroid cancer Hurthle cell growths are a variation of follicular neoplasms wherein oxyphil cells prevail, an intriguing thyroid disease. About 3% of all thyroid cancers are caused by this subtype of follicular carcinoma. They will quite often develop and spread all the more rapidly. There are additionally a few intriguing (2-4% of cases) sub-types called: Columnar, Tall Cell, Separate, Diffuse Sclerosis, and Hürthle Cell carcinoma (otherwise called Oxyphil Cell Carcinoma). Other forms Thyroid sarcoma and thyroid lymphoma are two other extremely uncommon types. Only 1% to 2% of all thyroid cancers are caused by thyroid lymphomas. They typically affect people over the age of 60. They may develop B-cell symptoms and compressive signs at a rapid rate. NOTE: Patients with thyroid cancer generally have an excellent prognosis, even those with aggressive forms. Best Oral Cancer, Thyroid Cancer, Head and Neck Cancer Surgeon in Nepal Dr. Prabhat Chandra Thakur Designation: Consultant & Unit Chief/Program Director Head & Neck Oncology Qualification: MBBS, MS(ORL-HNS), Fellowship Head & Neck Oncology Department: Head and Neck Oncology Unit Special interest: Reconstructive surgery and Minimal Invasive surgery in Head & Neck Contact Now